Publications Authored by PDI

One of the goals of the PDI has been to systematically describe the treatment we have developed for borderline patients. The following books explain our understanding of borderline personality and how to treat it.

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The PDI completed data analysis on the randomized, controlled trial of three treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder.

Clarkin, J.F., Levy, K.N., Lenzenweger, M.F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2007). Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: a multiwave study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 922-928.

Our latest version of the treatment manual describing a psychodynamic treatment for borderline patients shaped by the theorizing of Otto Kernberg was published in 2006.

Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2006). Psychotherapy of borderline personality: Focusing on object relations. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

In addition to the manual describing a psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder, our group has also completed a treatment manual for patients with less severe personality disorders:

Caligor, E., Kernberg, O.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (March 2007).   Handbook of Dynamic Psychotherapy for Higher Level Personality Pathology.   Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.

Other publications have focused on attentional and executive controls in borderline patients, identity, attachment patterns in these patients, and mechanisms of change in the treatment:

Yeomans F.E. & Diamond D. (in press). Treatment of Cluster B Disorders: TFP and BPD. Eds: Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, & Gabbard GO. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinical Handbook. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Caligor, E., Yeomans, F., Diamond, D. & Kernberg, O.F. (2009). The Interpretive Process in the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality Pathology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57. 

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2009). Schizotypic psychopathology: Theory, evidence, and future directions. In P.H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.),  Oxford textbook of psychopathology, 2nd edition (pp. 692-722). New York: Oxford University Press.

Kernberg, O.F., Diamond, D., Yeomans, F., Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K. (2008).   Mentalization and attachment in borderline patients in transference focused psychotherapy.   In: E. Jurist, A. Slade & S. Bergner (Eds.), Mind to Mind: Infant Research, Neuroscience, and Psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press. 167-201. 

Diamond, D, Yeomans, FE, Clarkin, J, Levy, K, Kernberg, OF. (2008). The reciprocal impact of attachment and transference-focused psychotherapy with borderline patients. In H. Steele & M. Steele (Eds.): Clinical Applications of The Adult Attachment Interview. Guilford Press. New York. 270-294.

Yeomans, FE, Clarkin, JF, Diamond, D, & Levy, KN. (2008) An object relations treatment of borderline patients with reflective functioning as the mechanism of change. In F. Busch (Ed.) Mentalization:Theoretical Considerations, Research Findings and Clinical Implications. New York and London: Analytic Press; 159-181.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F.E., Kernberg, O.F., & Levy, K.N. (2008). Refining the borderline personality disorder phenotype through finite mixture modeling: Implications for classification. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 313-331.

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2008). Epidemiology of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31, 395-403.

Diamond, D. (2008). Empathy and Identification in Lives of Others. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 56, 811-832.

Diamond D & Yeomans F.E. (2008). La relation patient-therapeute: impacts de la theorie de l'attachement, de la fonction reflexive et de la recherche. (The patient-therapist relationship: Implications of attachment theory, reflective functioning and research). Santé Mentale au Québec. XXXIII, 61-88.

Diamond D & Yeomans F.E. (2008). Psychopathologies narcissiques et psychotherapie focalisee sur le transfert. (Narcissism, its disorders and the role of transference-focused psychotherapy). Santé Mentale au Québec, XXXIII, 115-139.

Diamond, D., Yeomans, F., Clarkin, J., and Levy, K. (2008). The Reciprocal Impact of Attachment and Transference-Focused Psychotherapy with Borderline Patients. In H. Steele and M. Steele (Eds.), Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview. (pp. 339-385). New York: Guilford Press.

Diamond, D., Blatt, S., and Lichtenberg, J. (Eds.) (2007). Attachment and Sexuality. New York: Analytic Press, Taylor and Francis Group.

Kernberg, O.F. (2007). The almost untreatable narcissistic patient. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 55:2, 503-539.

Kernberg, O.F. (2007). Countertransference: Recent developments and technical implications for the treatment of patients with severe personality disorders. In: B. vanLuyn, S. Akhtar, & J. Livesley (Eds.), Severe Personality Disorders: Major Issues in Everyday Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 42-58.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Willett, J.B. (2007). Modeling individual change in personality disorder features as a function of simultaneous individual change in personality dimensions linked to neurobehavioral systems: The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 684-700.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Pastore, R.E. (2007). On determining sensitivity to pain in borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 747-748.

Diamond, D. and Yeomans, F. (2007). Oedipal Love and Conflict in the Transference/Countertransference Matrix: Its Impact on Attachment Security and Mentalization. In D. Diamond, J. Lichtenberg, and S. Blatt (Eds). Attachment and Sexuality. (pp. 201-255). New Jersey: Analytic Press.

Kernberg, O.F. (2006). Identity: Recent findings and clinical implications. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. Vol. LXXV, No. 4:969-1044.

Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2006). Psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: Focusing on the mechanisms of change. Special issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 405-516.

Levy, K.N., Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F.E., Scott, L., Wasserman, R., & Kernberg, O.F. (2006). The mechanisms of change in the treatment of borderline personality disorder with transference focused psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 481-501.

Fertuck, E.A., Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Hoermann, S., & Stanley, B. (2006). Executive neurocognition, memory systems, and borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology Review.

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2006). The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders: History, design, and initial findings. (Special Essay). Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 645-670.

Clarkin, J.F., & Posner, M. (2005). Defining the mechanisms of borderline personality disorder.     Psychopathology, 38, 56-63.

Fertuck, E.A., Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). The association between attentional and executive controls in the expression of borderline personality disorder features: A preliminary study. Psychopathology, 38, 75-81.

Levy, K.N., Meehan, K.B., Weber, M., Reynoso, J., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). Attachment and borderline personality disorder: Implications for psychotherapy. Psychopathology, 38, 64-74.

Hoermann, S., Clarkin, J.F., Hull, J.W., & Levy, K.N. (2005). The construct of effortful control: An approach to borderline personality disorder heterogeneity. Psychopathology, 38, 82-86.

Levy, K.N., Meehan, K.B., Reynoso, J.S., Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2005). The relation of reflective function to neurocognitive functioning in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53, 1305-1309.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Castro, D.D. (2005). Predicting change in borderline personality: Using neurobehavioral systems indicators within an individual growth curve framework. Development & Psychopathology, 17, 1207-1237.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). The personality disorders: History, development, and research issues. In M.F. Lenzenweger & J.F. Clarkin (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed) (pp. 1-42). New York: Guilford.

Depue, R.A., & Lenzenweger, M.F. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of personality disturbance. In M.F. Lenzenweger & J.F. Clarkin (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed) (pp. 391-453). New York: Guilford.

Diamond, D. (2005). Social and Psychological Perspectives on Narcissism and its Disorders. In O.F. Kernberg and H.P. Hartmann (Eds), Narzissmus, Grundlagen, Storungsbilder, Therapie. (pp. 171-204). Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer.

Diamond, D. (2005). Narcissism as a Psychological and Social Phenomenon. In J.Auerbach, K.Levy and C. Schaeffer (Eds.). Relatedness, Self-Definition and Mental Representation: Essays in Honor of Sidney J. Blatt, (pp. 255-273). Hove and New York: Brunner-Routledge Press.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Fertuck, E. A., & Kernberg, O.F. (2004). Executive neurocognitive functioning and neurobehavioral systems indicators in borderline personality disorder: A preliminary study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 421-438.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Johnson, M.D., & Willett, J.B. (2004). Individual growth curve analysis illuminates stability and change in personality disorder features: The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1015-1024.

Diamond, D., Stovall-McClough, C., Clarkin, J.A., & Levy, K.N. (2003). Patient-Therapist Attachment in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 67:3, 224-257.

Diamond, D., Clarkin, J., Levy, K., Levine, H., and Foelsch, P. (2002). The Clinical Implications of Current Attachment Research for Interventions with Borderline Patients. Journal of Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2, 121-151.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Kernberg, O.F., & Foelsch, P. (2001). The Inventory of Personality Organization: Psychometric properties, factorial composition and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis-proneness, and self domains. Psychological Assessment, 4, 577-591.

Other publications have focused on the nature of personality disorders, and their treatment:

Caligor E, Yeomans FE, Levin, Z (in press). Personality Disorders in Psychiatry, Eds. Cutler, JL, and Marcus, ER. Oxford University Press 

Yeomans FE, Diamond D (in press). Treatment of Cluster B Disorders: TFP and BPD in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinic Handbook, Eds. Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, and Gabbard GO. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. 

Caligor E, Diamond D, Yeomans FE & Kernberg OF (2009). The Interpretive Process in the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality Pathology.  Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 

Levy KN, Wasserman RH, Scott LN, & Yeomans FE (2009). Empirical evidence for transference focused psychotherapy and other psychodynamic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. In S. Ablon & R. Levy (Eds.), Handbook of Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice (pp. 93-119). New York: Humana Press.

Yeomans FE, Levy KN & Clarkin JF (2009). The Case for Borderline Personality Disorder: Commenting on Tyrer and Paris, et al. Journal of Personality and Mental Health. 

Yeomans, FE, Kernberg, OF. (2009) Borderline Personality Organization. In Barnhill, J (Ed.) Approach to the Psychiatric Patient. American Psychiatric Publishing, Wash. DC.

Delaney, J.C., Yeomans, F.E., Stone, M.,& Haran, C. (2008) Incidence de certains facteurs sur l'issue d'une psychotherapie dans un essai clinique randomise aupres de patients avec trouble de personnalite limite. Sante Mentale au Québec, XXXIII, 1, 15-36.

Yeomans F.E., & Delaney J. C., (2008). Transference-Focused Psychotherapy as a Means to Change the Personality Structure that Underlies Borderline Personality Disorder. Social Work in Mental Health, 6(1/2), 157-170.

Yeomans F.E., Delaney J.C., Renaud A. (2007) La psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert. Santé Mentale au Québec, XXXII(1), 17-34.

Levy, K., Clarkin, J.F., & Reynoso, J.S. (2007). Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In: Fowler, K.A., & O'Donohue, W. (Eds.), Personality Disorders - Toward the DSM-V. Sage Press.

H. Fernandez-Alvarez, Clarkin, J.F., Salgueiro, M., & Critchfield, K.L. (2006). Participant factors in treating personality disorders. In: Castonguay, L.G., & Beutler, L.E. (Eds.), Principles of therapeutic change that work. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). Major theories of personality disorder. 2^nd Edition. New York: Guilford.

Yeomans, F.E., Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2005). Psychodynamic psychotherapies. In : Oldham, J.M., Skodol, A.E., & Bender, D.S. (Eds.), Textbook of personality disorders. Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 275-288.

Levy, KN, Yeomans, FE, Diamond, D. (2007) Psychodynamic treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology; 63(112): 1165-1120.

Clarkin, J.F., Foelsch, P.A., Levy, K.N., Hull, J.W., Delaney, J.C., Kernberg, O.F. (2001). The development of a psychodynamic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder: A preliminary study of behavioral change. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(6), 487-495.

John Clarkin, the co-director of the PDI, delivered the Presidential Address to the Society for Psychotherapy Research on the topic of the personality disorders and the work of the PDI:

Clarkin, J.F. (2006). Conceptualization and treatment of personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 1-11.

Members of the PDI have presented theoretical issues and data analyses at various conferences in the U.S. and Europe. This includes seminars at the American Psychiatric Association (Kernberg, Caligor, Clarkin, Yeomans), Madrid, Spain (Clarkin), German Psychiatric Association, Berlin (Clarkin), Amsterdam (Clarkin, Yeomans), UCSF Conference in Honor of Robert Wallerstein (Kernberg), Copenhagen (Clarkin), Icelandic Psychiatric Association (Yeomans, Clarkin), University of New Mexico Medical School (Clarkin), Wisconsin Psychological Association (Clarkin), conferences sponsored by the National Educational Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEWBPD) in Dallas, Los Angeles, London (Yeomans).

The PDI has made outreach to families who have members with severe personality disorders and potential donors through the creation of a newsletter, edited by Dr. Pamela Foelsch. The PDI and the Borderline Disorder Research Foundation sponsored a conference on the assessment and treatment of adolescents with severe personality disorders. Dr. Paulina Kernberg (deceased) was the principle organizer of this conference, combined with administrative organization by Jill Delaney.