Publications Authored by PDI

One of the goals of the PDI has been to systematically describe the treatment we have developed for borderline patients. The following books explain our understanding of borderline personality and how to treat it.

Hint: To find particular authors, publications or topics on this page, use the "Edit Find" feature of your browser, also accessible using Control F (Ctrl+F). Type the desired word and then hit Next or Previous as needed.

The PDI completed data analysis on the randomized, controlled trial of three treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder.

Clarkin, J.F., Levy, K.N., Lenzenweger, M.F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2007). Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: a multiwave study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 922-928.

Our latest version of the treatment manual describing a psychodynamic treatment for borderline patients shaped by the theorizing of Otto Kernberg was published in 2006.

Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2006). Psychotherapy of borderline personality: Focusing on object relations. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

In addition to the manual describing a psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder, our group has also completed a treatment manual for patients with less severe personality disorders:

Caligor, E., Kernberg, O.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (March 2007).   Handbook of Dynamic Psychotherapy for Higher Level Personality Pathology.   Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.

Other publications have focused on attentional and executive controls in borderline patients, identity, attachment patterns in these patients, and mechanisms of change in the treatment:

Carsky, M. & Yeomans, F. (In Press) Overwhelming Patients and Overwhelmed Therapists. In: Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis issue guest edited by Michael Stone.

Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, Levy KN & Bateman A. (in press). Borderline personality disorder. Handbook of Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches to Psychopathology. P. Luyten, L. Mayes, P. Fonagy, M. Target, & S. Blatt (Eds.), New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Diamond D, Yeomans FE, and Levy K. (in press) Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatment Eds. Keith Campbell and Josh Miller, New York: Wiley.

Kernberg OF & Levy KN. (in press). Borderline Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Organization: Psychopathology and Psychotherapy.  Handbuch der Borderline-Störungen OF Kernberg, B Dulz, U Sachsse (Eds.) Schattauer Stuttgart. 2nd edition.

Lenzenweger MF, Clarkin JF, Levy KN, Yeomans FE, & Kernberg OF. Predicting domains and rates of change in borderline personality disorder. (Manuscript in revision for resubmission).

Lenzenweger MF, McClough,JF, Clarkin JF, & Kernberg OF. Three A’s and perhaps an S in borderline personality disorder: A cartographic heuristic for a process-based approach to personality pathology. (Manuscript submitted for publication).

Levy KN & Meehan KB. (in press). Personality disorders. Handbook of Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches to Psychopathology. In P. Luyten, L. Mayes, P. Fonagy, M. Target, & S . Blatt (Eds.), New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Levy KN, Ellison WD, & Reynoso JS. (in press). A Historical Review of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality. In J. Miller & K. Campbell (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatment. 

Levy KN, Ellison WD, Scott LN, & Bernecker S. (in press). Attachment style. Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: 2nd Edition. In J. Norcross (Ed.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Levy KN, Meehan KB, & Yeomans FE. (in press). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: An overview and update. Handbook of Evidence Based Psychodynamic Psychology In R. Levy & S. Ablon (Eds.)

Levy KN, Meehan KB, Cain N, & Ellison WD, (in press). Narcissism and DSM-V. In J S. Ogrodniczuk (Ed.), Treating Pathological Narcissism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

Levy KN, Meehan KB, Yeomans FE, & Temes CM. (in press). Attachment theory and research. Handbook of Evidence Based Psychodynamic Psychology. In R. Levy & S. Ablon (Eds.)

Meehan KB & Levy KN, (in press). Personality disorders. Handbook of Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches to Psychopathology. In P. Luyten, L. Mayes, P. Fonagy, M. Target, & S. Blatt (Eds.), New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Pavony MT & Lenzenweger MF.  Somatosensory processing and borderline personality disorder features: A signal detection analysis of proprioception and exteroceptive sensitivity. (Manuscript submitted for publication).

Scott LN, Levy KN, Adams RB Jr, & Stevenson, M. (in press). Mental state decoding abilities in young adults with borderline personality disorder traits. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 

Stern BL, Yeomans FE, Diamond D, & Kernberg OF. Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) for Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In, Treating Pathological Narcissism, Ogrodniczuk, J., (Ed.). American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC.

Wright AGC, Pincus AL, & Lenzenweger MF. Departures and arrivals: Development of personality and its pathology. (Manuscript submitted for publication)

Levy KN, Beeney JE & Temes CM (2011). Attachment and its vicissitudes in borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports. 

Levy KN, Ellison WD, Scott LN, & Bernecker S. (2011). A meta-analysis of attachment style on psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In session. 

Miller JD & Levy KN. (2011). DSM-5 personality disorders: Opportunities and pitfalls. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 

Caligor E, Yeomans FE, Levin, Z. (2010) "Personality Disorders" in Psychiatry Eds. Cutler, JL, Marcus, ER. Oxford University Press.

Clarkin JF, Levy KN & Ellison WD (2010). Personality disorders. Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment, and Therapeutic Interventions. L. M. Horowitz & S. Strack (Eds.)

Foelsch PA, Odom A, Arena H, Krischer MK, Schmeck K & Schülter-Müller S. (2010) Differenzierung zwischen Identitätskrise und Identitätsdiffusion und ihre Bedeutung für die Behandlung. Praxis für Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie 59: 418-434.

Kernberg OF (2010) "Some Observation on the Process of Mourning" The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 

Kernberg OF (2010). "A New Organization of Psychoanalytic Education" The Psychoanalytic Review 

Lenzenweger MF (2010).  Schizotypy and schizophrenia: The view from experimental psychopathology. New York: Guilford.

Lenzenweger MF (2010). Current status of the scientific study of the personality disorders: Epidemiologic, longitudinal, experimental psychopathology, and neurobehavioral perspectives (Distinguished Invited Essay). Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 58, 741-778.

Lenzenweger MF (2010). A source, a cascade, a schizoid: A heuristic proposal from The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Development & Psychopathology, 22, 867-881.

Levy KN & Kelly KM (2010). Sex differences in jealousy: A contribution from attachment theory. Psychological Science, 21:168-173. Findings chronicled in numerous media outlets including Scientific American Mind, Scientific American Podcasts, Newsweek, Toronto Globe and Mail.

Levy KN, Beeney JE, Wasserman, RH, Clarkin JF (2010). Conflict begets conflict: Executive control, mental state vacillations and the therapeutic alliance in treatment of borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 20(4), 413-422.

Levy KN, Meehan KB & Yeomans FE (2010). New study provides further support for TFP as an evidence based treatment for borderline personality disorder. Evidence Based Mental Health. Doi: 10.1136/ebmh1097

Magnavita J, Levy KN, Critchfield KL, & Lebow JL. (2010). Ethical considerations in treatment of personality dysfunction: Using evidence, principles, and clinical judgement. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41(1), 64-74.

Wright AC, Pincus AL, & Lenzenweger MF. (2010). Modeling stability and change in borderline personality disorder symptoms using the Interpersonal Adjective Scales - Big Five. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 501-513.

Yeomans F.E. & Diamond D. (in press). Treatment of Cluster B Disorders: TFP and BPD. Eds: Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, & Gabbard GO. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinical Handbook. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Yeomans FE, Diamond D. Transference-Focused Psychotherapy and Borderline Personality Disorder in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinic Handbook, Eds. Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, Gabbard GO. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2010.

Caligor, E., Yeomans, F., Diamond, D. & Kernberg, O.F. (2009). The Interpretive Process in the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality Pathology. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57. 

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2009). Schizotypic psychopathology: Theory, evidence, and future directions. In P.H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.),  Oxford textbook of psychopathology, 2nd edition (pp. 692-722). New York: Oxford University Press.

Kernberg, O.F., Diamond, D., Yeomans, F., Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K. (2008).   Mentalization and attachment in borderline patients in transference focused psychotherapy.   In: E. Jurist, A. Slade & S. Bergner (Eds.), Mind to Mind: Infant Research, Neuroscience, and Psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press. 167-201. 

Diamond, D, Yeomans, FE, Clarkin, J, Levy, K, Kernberg, OF. (2008). The reciprocal impact of attachment and transference-focused psychotherapy with borderline patients. In H. Steele & M. Steele (Eds.): Clinical Applications of The Adult Attachment Interview. Guilford Press. New York. 270-294.

Yeomans, FE, Clarkin, JF, Diamond, D, & Levy, KN. (2008) An object relations treatment of borderline patients with reflective functioning as the mechanism of change. In F. Busch (Ed.) Mentalization:Theoretical Considerations, Research Findings and Clinical Implications. New York and London: Analytic Press; 159-181.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F.E., Kernberg, O.F., & Levy, K.N. (2008). Refining the borderline personality disorder phenotype through finite mixture modeling: Implications for classification. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 313-331.

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2008). Epidemiology of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31, 395-403.

Diamond, D. (2008). Empathy and Identification in Lives of Others. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 56, 811-832.

Diamond D & Yeomans F.E. (2008). La relation patient-therapeute: impacts de la theorie de l'attachement, de la fonction reflexive et de la recherche. (The patient-therapist relationship: Implications of attachment theory, reflective functioning and research). Santé Mentale au Québec. XXXIII, 61-88.

Diamond D & Yeomans F.E. (2008). Psychopathologies narcissiques et psychotherapie focalisee sur le transfert. (Narcissism, its disorders and the role of transference-focused psychotherapy). Santé Mentale au Québec, XXXIII, 115-139.

Diamond, D., Yeomans, F., Clarkin, J., and Levy, K. (2008). The Reciprocal Impact of Attachment and Transference-Focused Psychotherapy with Borderline Patients. In H. Steele and M. Steele (Eds.), Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview. (pp. 339-385). New York: Guilford Press.

Diamond, D., Blatt, S., and Lichtenberg, J. (Eds.) (2007). Attachment and Sexuality. New York: Analytic Press, Taylor and Francis Group.

Kernberg, O.F. (2007). The almost untreatable narcissistic patient. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 55:2, 503-539.

Kernberg, O.F. (2007). Countertransference: Recent developments and technical implications for the treatment of patients with severe personality disorders. In: B. vanLuyn, S. Akhtar, & J. Livesley (Eds.), Severe Personality Disorders: Major Issues in Everyday Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 42-58.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Willett, J.B. (2007). Modeling individual change in personality disorder features as a function of simultaneous individual change in personality dimensions linked to neurobehavioral systems: The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 684-700.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Pastore, R.E. (2007). On determining sensitivity to pain in borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 747-748.

Diamond, D. and Yeomans, F. (2007). Oedipal Love and Conflict in the Transference/Countertransference Matrix: Its Impact on Attachment Security and Mentalization. In D. Diamond, J. Lichtenberg, and S. Blatt (Eds). Attachment and Sexuality. (pp. 201-255). New Jersey: Analytic Press.

Kernberg, O.F. (2006). Identity: Recent findings and clinical implications. Psychoanalytic Quarterly. Vol. LXXV, No. 4:969-1044.

Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2006). Psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: Focusing on the mechanisms of change. Special issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 405-516.

Levy, K.N., Clarkin, J.F., Yeomans, F.E., Scott, L., Wasserman, R., & Kernberg, O.F. (2006). The mechanisms of change in the treatment of borderline personality disorder with transference focused psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 481-501.

Fertuck, E.A., Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Hoermann, S., & Stanley, B. (2006). Executive neurocognition, memory systems, and borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology Review.

Lenzenweger, M.F. (2006). The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders: History, design, and initial findings. (Special Essay). Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 645-670.

Clarkin, J.F., & Posner, M. (2005). Defining the mechanisms of borderline personality disorder.     Psychopathology, 38, 56-63.

Fertuck, E.A., Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). The association between attentional and executive controls in the expression of borderline personality disorder features: A preliminary study. Psychopathology, 38, 75-81.

Levy, K.N., Meehan, K.B., Weber, M., Reynoso, J., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). Attachment and borderline personality disorder: Implications for psychotherapy. Psychopathology, 38, 64-74.

Hoermann, S., Clarkin, J.F., Hull, J.W., & Levy, K.N. (2005). The construct of effortful control: An approach to borderline personality disorder heterogeneity. Psychopathology, 38, 82-86.

Levy, K.N., Meehan, K.B., Reynoso, J.S., Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., & Kernberg, O.F. (2005). The relation of reflective function to neurocognitive functioning in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53, 1305-1309.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Castro, D.D. (2005). Predicting change in borderline personality: Using neurobehavioral systems indicators within an individual growth curve framework. Development & Psychopathology, 17, 1207-1237.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). The personality disorders: History, development, and research issues. In M.F. Lenzenweger & J.F. Clarkin (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed) (pp. 1-42). New York: Guilford.

Depue, R.A., & Lenzenweger, M.F. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of personality disturbance. In M.F. Lenzenweger & J.F. Clarkin (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (2nd ed) (pp. 391-453). New York: Guilford.

Diamond, D. (2005). Social and Psychological Perspectives on Narcissism and its Disorders. In O.F. Kernberg and H.P. Hartmann (Eds), Narzissmus, Grundlagen, Storungsbilder, Therapie. (pp. 171-204). Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer.

Diamond, D. (2005). Narcissism as a Psychological and Social Phenomenon. In J.Auerbach, K.Levy and C. Schaeffer (Eds.). Relatedness, Self-Definition and Mental Representation: Essays in Honor of Sidney J. Blatt, (pp. 255-273). Hove and New York: Brunner-Routledge Press.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Fertuck, E. A., & Kernberg, O.F. (2004). Executive neurocognitive functioning and neurobehavioral systems indicators in borderline personality disorder: A preliminary study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 421-438.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Johnson, M.D., & Willett, J.B. (2004). Individual growth curve analysis illuminates stability and change in personality disorder features: The Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1015-1024.

Diamond, D., Stovall-McClough, C., Clarkin, J.A., & Levy, K.N. (2003). Patient-Therapist Attachment in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 67:3, 224-257.

Diamond, D., Clarkin, J., Levy, K., Levine, H., and Foelsch, P. (2002). The Clinical Implications of Current Attachment Research for Interventions with Borderline Patients. Journal of Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. 2, 121-151.

Lenzenweger, M.F., Clarkin, J.F., Kernberg, O.F., & Foelsch, P. (2001). The Inventory of Personality Organization: Psychometric properties, factorial composition and criterion relations with affect, aggressive dyscontrol, psychosis-proneness, and self domains. Psychological Assessment, 4, 577-591.

Other publications have focused on the nature of personality disorders, and their treatment:

Caligor E, Yeomans FE, Levin, Z (in press). Personality Disorders in Psychiatry, Eds. Cutler, JL, and Marcus, ER. Oxford University Press 

Yeomans FE, Diamond D (in press). Treatment of Cluster B Disorders: TFP and BPD in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinic Handbook, Eds. Clarkin JF, Fonagy P, and Gabbard GO. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. 

Caligor E, Diamond D, Yeomans FE & Kernberg OF (2009). The Interpretive Process in the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Borderline Personality Pathology.  Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 

Levy KN, Wasserman RH, Scott LN, & Yeomans FE (2009). Empirical evidence for transference focused psychotherapy and other psychodynamic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. In S. Ablon & R. Levy (Eds.), Handbook of Evidence-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice (pp. 93-119). New York: Humana Press.

Yeomans FE, Levy KN & Clarkin JF (2009). The Case for Borderline Personality Disorder: Commenting on Tyrer and Paris, et al. Journal of Personality and Mental Health. 

Yeomans, FE, Kernberg, OF. (2009) Borderline Personality Organization. In Barnhill, J (Ed.) Approach to the Psychiatric Patient. American Psychiatric Publishing, Wash. DC.

Delaney, J.C., Yeomans, F.E., Stone, M.,& Haran, C. (2008) Incidence de certains facteurs sur l'issue d'une psychotherapie dans un essai clinique randomise aupres de patients avec trouble de personnalite limite. Sante Mentale au Québec, XXXIII, 1, 15-36.

Yeomans F.E., & Delaney J. C., (2008). Transference-Focused Psychotherapy as a Means to Change the Personality Structure that Underlies Borderline Personality Disorder. Social Work in Mental Health, 6(1/2), 157-170.

Yeomans F.E., Delaney J.C., Renaud A. (2007) La psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert. Santé Mentale au Québec, XXXII(1), 17-34.

Levy, K., Clarkin, J.F., & Reynoso, J.S. (2007). Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In: Fowler, K.A., & O'Donohue, W. (Eds.), Personality Disorders - Toward the DSM-V. Sage Press.

H. Fernandez-Alvarez, Clarkin, J.F., Salgueiro, M., & Critchfield, K.L. (2006). Participant factors in treating personality disorders. In: Castonguay, L.G., & Beutler, L.E. (Eds.), Principles of therapeutic change that work. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lenzenweger, M.F., & Clarkin, J.F. (2005). Major theories of personality disorder. 2^nd Edition. New York: Guilford.

Yeomans, F.E., Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2005). Psychodynamic psychotherapies. In : Oldham, J.M., Skodol, A.E., & Bender, D.S. (Eds.), Textbook of personality disorders. Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 275-288.

Levy, KN, Yeomans, FE, Diamond, D. (2007) Psychodynamic treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology; 63(112): 1165-1120.

Clarkin, J.F., Foelsch, P.A., Levy, K.N., Hull, J.W., Delaney, J.C., Kernberg, O.F. (2001). The development of a psychodynamic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder: A preliminary study of behavioral change. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(6), 487-495.

John Clarkin, the co-director of the PDI, delivered the Presidential Address to the Society for Psychotherapy Research on the topic of the personality disorders and the work of the PDI:

Clarkin, J.F. (2006). Conceptualization and treatment of personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 1-11.

Members of the PDI have presented theoretical issues and data analyses at various conferences in the U.S. and Europe. This includes seminars at the American Psychiatric Association (Kernberg, Caligor, Clarkin, Yeomans), Madrid, Spain (Clarkin), German Psychiatric Association, Berlin (Clarkin), Amsterdam (Clarkin, Yeomans), UCSF Conference in Honor of Robert Wallerstein (Kernberg), Copenhagen (Clarkin), Icelandic Psychiatric Association (Yeomans, Clarkin), University of New Mexico Medical School (Clarkin), Wisconsin Psychological Association (Clarkin), conferences sponsored by the National Educational Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEWBPD) in Dallas, Los Angeles, London (Yeomans).

The PDI has made outreach to families who have members with severe personality disorders and potential donors through the creation of a newsletter, edited by Dr. Pamela Foelsch. The PDI and the Borderline Disorder Research Foundation sponsored a conference on the assessment and treatment of adolescents with severe personality disorders. Dr. Paulina Kernberg (deceased) was the principle organizer of this conference, combined with administrative organization by Jill Delaney.